compendious
: marked by brief expression of a comprehensive matter : concise and comprehensive *a compendious summary*; also : COMPREHENSIVE *her compendious knowledge of the subject*
encyclopedia
: a work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively a particular branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically often by subject
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
REPLACE, DISPLACE, SUPPLANT, SUPERSEDE
SUPERSEDE
1 a : to cause to be set aside b : to force out of use as inferior
2 : to take the place, room, or position of
3 : to displace in favor of another : SUPPLANT
synonyms see REPLACE
REPLACE, DISPLACE, SUPPLANT, SUPERSEDE mean to put out of a usual or proper place or into the place of another.
REPLACE implies a filling of a place once occupied by something lost, destroyed, or no longer usable or adequate *replaced the broken window*.
DISPLACE implies an ousting or dislodging *war had displaced thousands*.
SUPPLANT implies either a dispossessing or usurping of another's place, possessions, or privileges or an uprooting of something and its replacement with something else *was abruptly supplanted in her affections by another*.
SUPERSEDE implies replacing a person or thing that has become superannuated, obsolete, or otherwise inferior *the new edition supersedes all previous ones*.
1 a : to cause to be set aside b : to force out of use as inferior
2 : to take the place, room, or position of
3 : to displace in favor of another : SUPPLANT
synonyms see REPLACE
REPLACE, DISPLACE, SUPPLANT, SUPERSEDE mean to put out of a usual or proper place or into the place of another.
REPLACE implies a filling of a place once occupied by something lost, destroyed, or no longer usable or adequate *replaced the broken window*.
DISPLACE implies an ousting or dislodging *war had displaced thousands*.
SUPPLANT implies either a dispossessing or usurping of another's place, possessions, or privileges or an uprooting of something and its replacement with something else *was abruptly supplanted in her affections by another*.
SUPERSEDE implies replacing a person or thing that has become superannuated, obsolete, or otherwise inferior *the new edition supersedes all previous ones*.
Monday, July 12, 2010
Dolores Hidalgo
1. Dolores Hidalgo is hailed as the “Father of the Nation” whose speeches gave courage to an entire nation. He is considered to be precursor and creator of the rest of the heroes of the Mexican War of independence. The story about him is deeply embedded into the political and educational system of the country for years to come. Yet, achievement of independence would have been impossible without the endeavors of the liberal insurgents who adhered to resist tyranny. These people rarely have been in the limelight while the history is replete with stories about a few famous individuals.
墨西哥独立之父（用处：领导者应该具备的素质、个人与群体对历史的影响）
2. Cyrus West Field was an American businessman who led the Atlantic Telegraph Company which laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable. Against all odds, Field adhered to finish the engineer even if the first cable broke down only three weeks afterward. As a result, the transatlantic telegraph cable sped up communication to within minutes which could only happen over ship before, integrating two continents into one world.
美国大商人菲尔德（用处：领导或者人需要的坚忍不拔的精神、商家应该给社会带来回报、技术给人们带来的变化）
3. One example that aptly illustrates this point involves Ozone destruction which is on count of the human activities of increasing the green gas emissions. As a famous saying goes, “progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.”(Emerson, American thinker) If government takes the problems about the damage to the Ozone from the green gas emissions in advance and seriously, we may get rid of the Ozone destruction while enjoying the fruits of industrialization.
臭氧层的破坏
4. The majorities always focus on the Nixon's Watergate affair which will most likely overshadow the entire achievements of his administration.
丑闻无用水门事件
5. Media scrutiny killed Princess Diana as her car crashed into the pillar of the tunnel for getting rid of the trailing from the journalists.
丑闻杀死了戴安娜
6. The Watergate affair can underscore this point. In retrospect, while the scandal tarnish the public image of legal profession, it revealed the existence of dirty political tricks and sparked a renewed call for changes in campaign financing. Obviously, our society would be the beneficiary of the changes.
丑闻有用水门事件
7. For every new technology we harness the power of that helps reduce social problems is another that serves to add to those problems. Consider, for example, the nuclear energy serves to provide a new kind of resource at the cost of thousands of persons’ lives.
技术带来的弊端 核能
8. A city is an animated person, having past and stories, stands in the world. The old architectures provide vivid proofs and concrete scenes for persons to see and feel its existence while the words and pictures cannot. For instance, for those who want to experience the local customs as well as the history and culture of Beijing, the Siheyuan (quadrangle) is an indispensible part of a visit as unique Beijing architectural structures. Actually, it’s not only a kind of architecture, but also serves as a window into Beijing folk life and the encyclopedia of the history and culture of Beijing.
历史建筑的意义 （也可用到旅游上）
9. Michael Dell dropped out of university when he was 19 to run a computer company, which later became Dell Computer Corporation. Despite a number of setbacks, Dell survives in the race to pursue the dream of his career.
戴尔奋斗起家，辍学创业
10. Keynes laid the foundation for the branch of economics termed “Macroeconomics” today which is based on the theories of David Ricardo.
凯恩斯的理论是建立在李嘉图的理论之上的，历史过去和他人的研究对现在的帮助
11. Churchill was always hailed for his speeches which gave courage to an entire nation and inspired allied forces. Yet, it’s unimaginable that he was suffering from the stammer during his childhood.
丘吉尔小时候哑巴后来演说家
12. One apt illustration of this point involves the Nazism. In retrospect, many ethnic Germans felt deeply committed to the goal of creating the greater Germany, which some believe required the use of military force to achieve. To a certain extent, the Second World War stems from the Germen’s exorbitant respect to the history of their nation and the origin of their race.
过于热爱自己国家的历史为带来灾难 纳粹
13. Mendel, who is hailed as the father of genetics, prompted the foundation of genetics through his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants. But the significance of Mendel’s work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th.
研究的意义可能很久以后才能被挖掘出来 孟德尔
14. The slogan “One Man, One Vote” was a rallying cry for the campaign which demands for suffrage reform and guarantee that every citizen in Northern Ireland be afforded the same number of votes for elections. The policy may not change people’s daily lives immediately, but exerts a profound influence on people’s living mentality and give a powerful confidence to them that their nation is fair and democratic which definitely indirectly make people’s daily lives different.
选票制度的改革给人们的生活带来了巨大的变化
15. Leukaemia白血病 以前的绝症现在可以治疗了
16. Van Gogh, whose still life paintings are marked an unprecedented price for 50 million, sold only one of his paintings during his entire life.
梵高一生之中只卖掉一幅画 坚持的精神、依靠兴趣坚持下去、后人的评价才客观
17. One example aptly illustrate this point involves that the book “The Art of War”, a Chinese military treatise written during 6th century BC by Sun Tzu, also exerts a huge influence on Eastern military thinking and business tactics to make the commanders and leaders more effective and wise.
孙子兵法 古代的东西仍然有用 吸收其他学科的知识
18. Bell, an eminent scientist and innovator, whose yearning to communicate made the telephones ringing around the world possible, sped up the communication in the world within minutes. In retrospect, his friends told him to study in the telegraph, but he didn’t. The desire to help desire make him immerge in the efforts to study on the hearing and speech and never stop research in pursuit of the goals even when he is millionaire for the telephones.
贝尔 发明电话 坚持自己听他人意见成功的例子，决定帮助人群而不是兴趣带来成功的例子
19. Marcel Duchamp, a French artist whose endeavor exerts a profound influence on the development of western art, sparked a boon for the surrealist movement. In retrospect, he often challenged convention thoughts about arts through subversive actions such as naming a urinal “Fountain” and bringing it to the museum for exhibiting.
He said: “Art may be bad, good or indifferent, but, whatever, adjective is used, we must call it art and bad art is still art in the same way as a bad emotion is still an emotion.”
艺术家马塞尔杜尚把尿壶当艺术品，颠覆传统，创新，不需要努力只要开放就可以成功 艺术类所有题目都可以用
20. Guernica is a painting by the Spanish painter Picasso, showing the booming of Guernica by German boomers and reminding us that wars breed ruin and misery.
现实对艺术的影响，艺术反应现实
21. Rembrandt, a Dutch painter and etcher during the “Dutch Golden Age” who is considered to be the most important artist in Dutch history, have achieved youthful success and his paintings were popular throughout his lifetime.
当代人认可的大艺术家 家里有钱
22. Jan Vermeer, a Dutch Baroque painter who creates a world more perfect than any he had witnessed, seems never to have been wealthy since he have never sold one of his paintings during his lifetime and left his family no legacy but debt. After have been virtually forgotten for nearly one hundred years, his paintings begin to focus people’s attention and nowadays he is considered to be one of the greatest painters during the Dutch Golden Age.
不被当代人认可的艺术家 穷困潦倒 画的主题是爱
23. M. C. Escher, a great Dutch graphic artist who excelled at drawing but got poor grades in school, exerts a profound influence on graphic arts. Escher never got normal mathematic training after he leave secondary school, but his graphic works are adorable to the mathematicians.
没有数学底子的艺术家的作品被数学家青睐
24. 通过观察差异而成功的例子
达尔文的进化论 没有加拉帕戈斯群岛上的不同物种的启发，达尔文的进化论也许就不会出现在人类的历史当中
Without the inspiration of different species on the Galapagos, Darwin`s theory of evolution may disappear in human history.
遗传定律 孟德尔没有豌豆杂交后出现的不同性状，就不会有遗传定律的问世
Without the different traits of pea after hybridization, there might have not been the law of the advent of genetic.
25. 通过寻找共同点而成功的例子
没有水壶盖的启示，没有蒸汽原理的应用，就不会有蒸汽机的伟大发明。
Without the inspiration of bottle cap and the application of the principle of steam, Watt might have invented the steam engine.
没有对于蝙蝠超声波的研究，就不会有雷达的出现。
Without research of the bat, there might not have been radars used in a variety of domains.
26. 赚很多钱但对社会造成破坏的例子
美国华尔街传奇人物、纳斯达克股票市场公司前董事会主席伯纳德•麦道夫，11日晨因涉嫌证券欺诈遭警方逮捕。
United States Wall Street legend, Nasdaq Stock Market former chairman, Bernard Michael Adolf is rich and successful. However, he cheated investors rather than made a contribution to society, resulting in being arrested by police.
27. 不稳定的社会对极端行为如何反应的例子
In Somalia, a troublous and anarchic country, there are a lot of extremists and millions of people die in the battles between extremists.
28. 一个被当代人否定而被后人肯定的例子
Von Gogh was not accepted by the people of world in his time and his work was considered no artistic value until hundreds of years after he had died. Copernicus`s heliocentric theory was not accepted until hundreds of years after he had been persecuted by government to death.
29. 需要想象里才能成功的例子
Without imagination, Einstein couldn`t have come up with the theory of relativity. Without imagination, Dante was not able to complete the excellent Divina Commedia.
Without imagination, we cannot enjoy the fantastic novel written by Verne.
30. 需要逻辑能力才能成功的例子
Newton`s great achievements are based on the studies done by predecessors such as Copernicus and Bruno.
31. 城市的标志性古建筑的例子
Paris has Arc De Triomphe. Beijing has the Forbidden City. New York has State of Liberty. Sydney has the Sydney Opera House.
32. 沙文主义的例子
纳粹德国疯狂的屠杀犹太人，认为自己是最为优秀的民族，这对世界造成的危害是深远的。
Crazy Nazi massacred of Jews, advocating they the best in the world. What they did made millions of people caught in dire straits and resulted in social unrest.
33. 当权过久而昏庸腐败的领导者的例子
路易十六执政18年，残暴昏庸，奢华无度，这是由于他的执政期间的种种暴行导致了法国大革命的爆发。
Louis XVI, who was brutal and fatuous, was in power for 18 years. His life was extravagant. It is his atrocities that led to the outbreak of the French Revolution.
34. 成功后又失败的例子
年轻时的瓦特积极思考，善于观察，发明出了世界上第一台蒸汽机，然而他晚年的时候却利用自己的职权阻碍蒸汽机的发展，没有在自己的领域更进一步。
Young Watt was good at observing and he invented the first steam engine in history. While he used his powers to suppress new ideas when he was old, hindering the development of steam engines.
35. 多次失败后成功的例子
Sandoz, the KFC founder, did a lot of jobs when he was young. However none of those jobs made him success. Unemployment was common practice for him, but he never gave up. One day, he received a pension check about 105 dollars. It is the 105 dollars that he used to set up the KFC which is one of the most famous fast food shops in the world now.
36. 传统与现代化为一体的例子
Beijing is famous for the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and other traditional architectures. Besides, Beijing is also famous for the Olympic Games, the modern buildings and so on. Beijing is a combination of traditional and modern city.
37. 意外发现成功的例子
X ray is discovered by Roentgen by accident. The discovery played an important role in human history and made contribution to medical and astronomy.
38. 对于目标的追求而导致成功的例子
Bill Gates determined to set up a computer empire when he was young, and he worked hard for his dream. He even dropped out from Harvard to set up the Microsoft cooperation. Now he became the richest man in the world and almost every computer uses the operating system developed by his company.
39. 通过竞争成功 可口可乐 有意培养的 百事可乐 这么一个竞争对手
In 1931, Pepsi Cola Company was on the brink of bankruptcy, Caleb Bradham, its president, once tried to sell the company to Coca Cola Company and he was rejected. However, just when Pepsi was on the horns of a dilemma, it received the financial assistance from Coca Cola and rode out of the storm of crisis. Then the two cola companies start the competition for over eighty years. Now the tow companies occupy the three quarter of the market share of the cola business in the world.
40. 成功来自团体
The Human Genome Project initially headed by James Watson in 1990 has assembled many research centers from six counties and hundreds of researchers all over the world to identify all the genes of the human-being. In 2003, all the genome has been completely mapped eventually.
41. 由模仿开始成功
Claude Monet, the founder of French impressionist painting, was first famous for his charcoal characters, but soon he was appealed by the paintings of Johan Jongkind, and imitated many works of Johan. His painting style was profoundly influenced by Johan. Many years later Monet created his own painting style and then become the founder of impressionism in France.
42. 开始不被人认同
Johann Sebastian Bach, one of the greatest Baroque composers, was not recognized as a famous composer by people at that time. His works are ignored for about eighty years after his death, but it was Felix Mendelssohn who did the most to revive the Bach’s reputation with the performance of the St. Matthew Passion. Since then people began to respect Bach’s work.
43. 引进他人
John Keynes, the British economist, laid the foundation for the branch of economic termed “Macroeconomics” today. However, his theory is based on the theory of “Invisible Hand” from another economist Adam Smith. Nowadays, his theory has had a far-reaching impact on modern economics and politics.
44. 成功来自个人
Almost everyone pursues art or literature achieved their successes independently. Margaret Mitchell, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her novel Gone with the Wind, begun her writing while she broke her ankle and recuperated at home. She wrote the book totally for her own amusement and kept the book secret from all her friends. Until she completed all the chapters, she acquainted others with her work.
45. 预期不够
Hurricane Katrina of the 2005, one of the deadliest storms in US history, struck New Orleans with severe loss of life and property damage and most of the damage are due to the subsequent floods. However, several years ago engineer from Louisiana have ever suggested construct a new drainage and levee system for New Orleans, but the government rejected the suggestion due to the ecology concern
46. 靠外表获得成功
In 1915, Earl Dean, the designer of Coca Cola Company, designed the famous “contour bottle” in order to distinguish the cola bottle from other beverage bottles. This fashionable design was hard to imitate and appealed the young which the most important consumer groups. During the subsequent years, this design changed little and brought the company enormous profits.
47. 愚忠
Nicolas Chauvin, a French soldier and patriot who famous for his love and devotion for Napoleon has been wounded seventeen times in his nation’s service resulting his severe disfigurement and maiming, but it has earned him only ridicule and derision in Restoration France.
48. 独立成功
Yves Saint Laurent, the famous French fashion designer, once served for Christian Dior since 1936. His talent was recognized soon and he was given a good emolument, however, in 1965, he set up his own brand, Yves Saint Laurent. Today, YSL has become a famous fashion brand equally popular to Christian Dior.
49. 通过合作
Louis Daguerre was a French artist and chemist recognized for his invention of daguerreotype. However, his invention is a result of cooperation with another French inventor, Nicephore Niepce, which was also a photography lover. They utilized and refined the discovery of exposure principle.
50. 忠诚好
Swiss Guard is the Swiss soldiers who served as bodyguards. They have a high reputation for discipline and loyalty to their employers. On May 6, 1527, 189 guards including their commander involve in a battle near German Graveyard and 147 of them died in the battlefield in order to help the pope escape during Sack of Rome.
墨西哥独立之父（用处：领导者应该具备的素质、个人与群体对历史的影响）
2. Cyrus West Field was an American businessman who led the Atlantic Telegraph Company which laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable. Against all odds, Field adhered to finish the engineer even if the first cable broke down only three weeks afterward. As a result, the transatlantic telegraph cable sped up communication to within minutes which could only happen over ship before, integrating two continents into one world.
美国大商人菲尔德（用处：领导或者人需要的坚忍不拔的精神、商家应该给社会带来回报、技术给人们带来的变化）
3. One example that aptly illustrates this point involves Ozone destruction which is on count of the human activities of increasing the green gas emissions. As a famous saying goes, “progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.”(Emerson, American thinker) If government takes the problems about the damage to the Ozone from the green gas emissions in advance and seriously, we may get rid of the Ozone destruction while enjoying the fruits of industrialization.
臭氧层的破坏
4. The majorities always focus on the Nixon's Watergate affair which will most likely overshadow the entire achievements of his administration.
丑闻无用水门事件
5. Media scrutiny killed Princess Diana as her car crashed into the pillar of the tunnel for getting rid of the trailing from the journalists.
丑闻杀死了戴安娜
6. The Watergate affair can underscore this point. In retrospect, while the scandal tarnish the public image of legal profession, it revealed the existence of dirty political tricks and sparked a renewed call for changes in campaign financing. Obviously, our society would be the beneficiary of the changes.
丑闻有用水门事件
7. For every new technology we harness the power of that helps reduce social problems is another that serves to add to those problems. Consider, for example, the nuclear energy serves to provide a new kind of resource at the cost of thousands of persons’ lives.
技术带来的弊端 核能
8. A city is an animated person, having past and stories, stands in the world. The old architectures provide vivid proofs and concrete scenes for persons to see and feel its existence while the words and pictures cannot. For instance, for those who want to experience the local customs as well as the history and culture of Beijing, the Siheyuan (quadrangle) is an indispensible part of a visit as unique Beijing architectural structures. Actually, it’s not only a kind of architecture, but also serves as a window into Beijing folk life and the encyclopedia of the history and culture of Beijing.
历史建筑的意义 （也可用到旅游上）
9. Michael Dell dropped out of university when he was 19 to run a computer company, which later became Dell Computer Corporation. Despite a number of setbacks, Dell survives in the race to pursue the dream of his career.
戴尔奋斗起家，辍学创业
10. Keynes laid the foundation for the branch of economics termed “Macroeconomics” today which is based on the theories of David Ricardo.
凯恩斯的理论是建立在李嘉图的理论之上的，历史过去和他人的研究对现在的帮助
11. Churchill was always hailed for his speeches which gave courage to an entire nation and inspired allied forces. Yet, it’s unimaginable that he was suffering from the stammer during his childhood.
丘吉尔小时候哑巴后来演说家
12. One apt illustration of this point involves the Nazism. In retrospect, many ethnic Germans felt deeply committed to the goal of creating the greater Germany, which some believe required the use of military force to achieve. To a certain extent, the Second World War stems from the Germen’s exorbitant respect to the history of their nation and the origin of their race.
过于热爱自己国家的历史为带来灾难 纳粹
13. Mendel, who is hailed as the father of genetics, prompted the foundation of genetics through his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants. But the significance of Mendel’s work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th.
研究的意义可能很久以后才能被挖掘出来 孟德尔
14. The slogan “One Man, One Vote” was a rallying cry for the campaign which demands for suffrage reform and guarantee that every citizen in Northern Ireland be afforded the same number of votes for elections. The policy may not change people’s daily lives immediately, but exerts a profound influence on people’s living mentality and give a powerful confidence to them that their nation is fair and democratic which definitely indirectly make people’s daily lives different.
选票制度的改革给人们的生活带来了巨大的变化
15. Leukaemia白血病 以前的绝症现在可以治疗了
16. Van Gogh, whose still life paintings are marked an unprecedented price for 50 million, sold only one of his paintings during his entire life.
梵高一生之中只卖掉一幅画 坚持的精神、依靠兴趣坚持下去、后人的评价才客观
17. One example aptly illustrate this point involves that the book “The Art of War”, a Chinese military treatise written during 6th century BC by Sun Tzu, also exerts a huge influence on Eastern military thinking and business tactics to make the commanders and leaders more effective and wise.
孙子兵法 古代的东西仍然有用 吸收其他学科的知识
18. Bell, an eminent scientist and innovator, whose yearning to communicate made the telephones ringing around the world possible, sped up the communication in the world within minutes. In retrospect, his friends told him to study in the telegraph, but he didn’t. The desire to help desire make him immerge in the efforts to study on the hearing and speech and never stop research in pursuit of the goals even when he is millionaire for the telephones.
贝尔 发明电话 坚持自己听他人意见成功的例子，决定帮助人群而不是兴趣带来成功的例子
19. Marcel Duchamp, a French artist whose endeavor exerts a profound influence on the development of western art, sparked a boon for the surrealist movement. In retrospect, he often challenged convention thoughts about arts through subversive actions such as naming a urinal “Fountain” and bringing it to the museum for exhibiting.
He said: “Art may be bad, good or indifferent, but, whatever, adjective is used, we must call it art and bad art is still art in the same way as a bad emotion is still an emotion.”
艺术家马塞尔杜尚把尿壶当艺术品，颠覆传统，创新，不需要努力只要开放就可以成功 艺术类所有题目都可以用
20. Guernica is a painting by the Spanish painter Picasso, showing the booming of Guernica by German boomers and reminding us that wars breed ruin and misery.
现实对艺术的影响，艺术反应现实
21. Rembrandt, a Dutch painter and etcher during the “Dutch Golden Age” who is considered to be the most important artist in Dutch history, have achieved youthful success and his paintings were popular throughout his lifetime.
当代人认可的大艺术家 家里有钱
22. Jan Vermeer, a Dutch Baroque painter who creates a world more perfect than any he had witnessed, seems never to have been wealthy since he have never sold one of his paintings during his lifetime and left his family no legacy but debt. After have been virtually forgotten for nearly one hundred years, his paintings begin to focus people’s attention and nowadays he is considered to be one of the greatest painters during the Dutch Golden Age.
不被当代人认可的艺术家 穷困潦倒 画的主题是爱
23. M. C. Escher, a great Dutch graphic artist who excelled at drawing but got poor grades in school, exerts a profound influence on graphic arts. Escher never got normal mathematic training after he leave secondary school, but his graphic works are adorable to the mathematicians.
没有数学底子的艺术家的作品被数学家青睐
24. 通过观察差异而成功的例子
达尔文的进化论 没有加拉帕戈斯群岛上的不同物种的启发，达尔文的进化论也许就不会出现在人类的历史当中
Without the inspiration of different species on the Galapagos, Darwin`s theory of evolution may disappear in human history.
遗传定律 孟德尔没有豌豆杂交后出现的不同性状，就不会有遗传定律的问世
Without the different traits of pea after hybridization, there might have not been the law of the advent of genetic.
25. 通过寻找共同点而成功的例子
没有水壶盖的启示，没有蒸汽原理的应用，就不会有蒸汽机的伟大发明。
Without the inspiration of bottle cap and the application of the principle of steam, Watt might have invented the steam engine.
没有对于蝙蝠超声波的研究，就不会有雷达的出现。
Without research of the bat, there might not have been radars used in a variety of domains.
26. 赚很多钱但对社会造成破坏的例子
美国华尔街传奇人物、纳斯达克股票市场公司前董事会主席伯纳德•麦道夫，11日晨因涉嫌证券欺诈遭警方逮捕。
United States Wall Street legend, Nasdaq Stock Market former chairman, Bernard Michael Adolf is rich and successful. However, he cheated investors rather than made a contribution to society, resulting in being arrested by police.
27. 不稳定的社会对极端行为如何反应的例子
In Somalia, a troublous and anarchic country, there are a lot of extremists and millions of people die in the battles between extremists.
28. 一个被当代人否定而被后人肯定的例子
Von Gogh was not accepted by the people of world in his time and his work was considered no artistic value until hundreds of years after he had died. Copernicus`s heliocentric theory was not accepted until hundreds of years after he had been persecuted by government to death.
29. 需要想象里才能成功的例子
Without imagination, Einstein couldn`t have come up with the theory of relativity. Without imagination, Dante was not able to complete the excellent Divina Commedia.
Without imagination, we cannot enjoy the fantastic novel written by Verne.
30. 需要逻辑能力才能成功的例子
Newton`s great achievements are based on the studies done by predecessors such as Copernicus and Bruno.
31. 城市的标志性古建筑的例子
Paris has Arc De Triomphe. Beijing has the Forbidden City. New York has State of Liberty. Sydney has the Sydney Opera House.
32. 沙文主义的例子
纳粹德国疯狂的屠杀犹太人，认为自己是最为优秀的民族，这对世界造成的危害是深远的。
Crazy Nazi massacred of Jews, advocating they the best in the world. What they did made millions of people caught in dire straits and resulted in social unrest.
33. 当权过久而昏庸腐败的领导者的例子
路易十六执政18年，残暴昏庸，奢华无度，这是由于他的执政期间的种种暴行导致了法国大革命的爆发。
Louis XVI, who was brutal and fatuous, was in power for 18 years. His life was extravagant. It is his atrocities that led to the outbreak of the French Revolution.
34. 成功后又失败的例子
年轻时的瓦特积极思考，善于观察，发明出了世界上第一台蒸汽机，然而他晚年的时候却利用自己的职权阻碍蒸汽机的发展，没有在自己的领域更进一步。
Young Watt was good at observing and he invented the first steam engine in history. While he used his powers to suppress new ideas when he was old, hindering the development of steam engines.
35. 多次失败后成功的例子
Sandoz, the KFC founder, did a lot of jobs when he was young. However none of those jobs made him success. Unemployment was common practice for him, but he never gave up. One day, he received a pension check about 105 dollars. It is the 105 dollars that he used to set up the KFC which is one of the most famous fast food shops in the world now.
36. 传统与现代化为一体的例子
Beijing is famous for the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and other traditional architectures. Besides, Beijing is also famous for the Olympic Games, the modern buildings and so on. Beijing is a combination of traditional and modern city.
37. 意外发现成功的例子
X ray is discovered by Roentgen by accident. The discovery played an important role in human history and made contribution to medical and astronomy.
38. 对于目标的追求而导致成功的例子
Bill Gates determined to set up a computer empire when he was young, and he worked hard for his dream. He even dropped out from Harvard to set up the Microsoft cooperation. Now he became the richest man in the world and almost every computer uses the operating system developed by his company.
39. 通过竞争成功 可口可乐 有意培养的 百事可乐 这么一个竞争对手
In 1931, Pepsi Cola Company was on the brink of bankruptcy, Caleb Bradham, its president, once tried to sell the company to Coca Cola Company and he was rejected. However, just when Pepsi was on the horns of a dilemma, it received the financial assistance from Coca Cola and rode out of the storm of crisis. Then the two cola companies start the competition for over eighty years. Now the tow companies occupy the three quarter of the market share of the cola business in the world.
40. 成功来自团体
The Human Genome Project initially headed by James Watson in 1990 has assembled many research centers from six counties and hundreds of researchers all over the world to identify all the genes of the human-being. In 2003, all the genome has been completely mapped eventually.
41. 由模仿开始成功
Claude Monet, the founder of French impressionist painting, was first famous for his charcoal characters, but soon he was appealed by the paintings of Johan Jongkind, and imitated many works of Johan. His painting style was profoundly influenced by Johan. Many years later Monet created his own painting style and then become the founder of impressionism in France.
42. 开始不被人认同
Johann Sebastian Bach, one of the greatest Baroque composers, was not recognized as a famous composer by people at that time. His works are ignored for about eighty years after his death, but it was Felix Mendelssohn who did the most to revive the Bach’s reputation with the performance of the St. Matthew Passion. Since then people began to respect Bach’s work.
43. 引进他人
John Keynes, the British economist, laid the foundation for the branch of economic termed “Macroeconomics” today. However, his theory is based on the theory of “Invisible Hand” from another economist Adam Smith. Nowadays, his theory has had a far-reaching impact on modern economics and politics.
44. 成功来自个人
Almost everyone pursues art or literature achieved their successes independently. Margaret Mitchell, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her novel Gone with the Wind, begun her writing while she broke her ankle and recuperated at home. She wrote the book totally for her own amusement and kept the book secret from all her friends. Until she completed all the chapters, she acquainted others with her work.
45. 预期不够
Hurricane Katrina of the 2005, one of the deadliest storms in US history, struck New Orleans with severe loss of life and property damage and most of the damage are due to the subsequent floods. However, several years ago engineer from Louisiana have ever suggested construct a new drainage and levee system for New Orleans, but the government rejected the suggestion due to the ecology concern
46. 靠外表获得成功
In 1915, Earl Dean, the designer of Coca Cola Company, designed the famous “contour bottle” in order to distinguish the cola bottle from other beverage bottles. This fashionable design was hard to imitate and appealed the young which the most important consumer groups. During the subsequent years, this design changed little and brought the company enormous profits.
47. 愚忠
Nicolas Chauvin, a French soldier and patriot who famous for his love and devotion for Napoleon has been wounded seventeen times in his nation’s service resulting his severe disfigurement and maiming, but it has earned him only ridicule and derision in Restoration France.
48. 独立成功
Yves Saint Laurent, the famous French fashion designer, once served for Christian Dior since 1936. His talent was recognized soon and he was given a good emolument, however, in 1965, he set up his own brand, Yves Saint Laurent. Today, YSL has become a famous fashion brand equally popular to Christian Dior.
49. 通过合作
Louis Daguerre was a French artist and chemist recognized for his invention of daguerreotype. However, his invention is a result of cooperation with another French inventor, Nicephore Niepce, which was also a photography lover. They utilized and refined the discovery of exposure principle.
50. 忠诚好
Swiss Guard is the Swiss soldiers who served as bodyguards. They have a high reputation for discipline and loyalty to their employers. On May 6, 1527, 189 guards including their commander involve in a battle near German Graveyard and 147 of them died in the battlefield in order to help the pope escape during Sack of Rome.
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